Sunday, July 20, 2008

Short Story of the Day-10: "Vanka", a short story by Anton Chekhov (Translated by Constance Garnett )


VANKA by ANTON CHEKHOV

VANKA ZHUKOV, a boy of nine, who had been for three months apprenticed to Alyahin the shoemaker, was sitting up on Christmas Eve. Waiting till his master and mistress and their workmen had gone to the midnight service, he took out of his master's cupboard a bottle of ink and a pen with a rusty nib, and, spreading out a crumpled sheet of paper in front of him, began writing. Before forming the first letter he several times looked round fearfully at the door and the windows, stole a glance at the dark ikon, on both sides of which stretched shelves full of lasts, and heaved a broken sigh. The paper lay on the bench while he knelt before it.

"Dear grandfather, Konstantin Makaritch," he wrote, "I am writing you a letter. I wish you a happy Christmas, and all blessings from God Almighty. I have neither father nor mother, you are the only one left me."

Vanka raised his eyes to the dark ikon on which the light of his candle was reflected, and vividly recalled his grandfather, Konstantin Makaritch, who was night watchman to a family called Zhivarev. He was a thin but extraordinarily nimble and lively little old man of sixty-five, with an everlastingly laughing face and drunken eyes. By day he slept in the servants' kitchen, or made jokes with the cooks; at night, wrapped in an ample sheepskin, he walked round the grounds and tapped with his little mallet . Old Kashtanka and Eel, so-called on account of his dark colour and his long body like a weasel's, followed him with hanging heads. This Eel was exceptionally polite and affectionate, and looked with equal kindness on strangers and his own masters, but had not a very good reputation. Under his politeness and meekness was hidden the most Jesuitical cunning. No one knew better how to creep up on occasion and snap at one's legs, to slip into the store-room, or steal a hen from a peasant. His hind legs had been nearly pulled off more than once, twice he had been hanged, every week he was thrashed till he was half dead, but he always revived.

At this moment grandfather was, no doubt, standing at the gate, screwing up his eyes at the red windows of the church, stamping with his high felt boots, and joking with the servants. His little mallet was hanging on his belt. He was clasping his hands, shrugging with the cold, and, with an aged chuckle, pinching first the housemaid, then the cook.

"How about a pinch of snuff?" he was saying, offering the women his snuff-box.
The women would take a sniff and sneeze. Grandfather would be indescribably delighted, go off into a merry chuckle, and cry:

"Tear it off, it has frozen on!"

They give the dogs a sniff of snuff too. Kashtanka sneezes, wriggles her head, and walks away offended. Eel does not sneeze, from politeness, but wags his tail. And the weather is glorious. The air is still, fresh, and transparent. The night is dark, but one can see the whole village with its white roofs and coils of smoke coming from the chimneys, the trees silvered with hoar frost, the snowdrifts. The whole sky spangled with gay twinkling stars, and the Milky Way is as distinct as though it had been washed and rubbed with snow for a holiday. . . .

Vanka sighed, dipped his pen, and went on writing:

"And yesterday I had a wigging . The master pulled me out into the yard by my hair, and whacked me with a boot-stretcher because I accidentally fell asleep while I was rocking their brat in the cradle. And a week ago the mistress told me to clean a herring, and I began from the tail end, and she took the herring and thrust its head in my face. The workmen laugh at me and send me to the tavern for vodka, and tell me to steal the master's cucumbers for them, and the master beats me with anything that comes to hand. And there is nothing to eat. In the morning they give me bread, for dinner, porridge, and in the evening, bread again; but as for tea, or soup, the master and mistress gobble it all up themselves. And I am put to sleep in the passage, and when their wretched brat cries I get no sleep at all, but have to rock the cradle. Dear grandfather, show the divine mercy, take me away from here, home to the village. It's more than I can bear. I bow down to your feet, and will pray to God for you for ever, take me away from here or I shall die."

Vanka's mouth worked, he rubbed his eyes with his black fist, and gave a sob.

"I will powder your snuff for you," he went on. "I will pray for you, and if I do anything you can thrash me like Sidor's goat. And if you think I've no job, then I will beg the steward for Christ's sake to let me clean his boots, or I'll go for a shepherd-boy instead of Fedka. Dear grandfather, it is more than I can bear, it's simply no life at all. I wanted to run away to the village, but I have no boots, and I am afraid of the frost. When I grow up big I will take care of you for this, and not let anyone annoy you, and when you die I will pray for the rest of your soul, just as for my mammy's.

Moscow is a big town. It's all gentlemen's houses, and there are lots of horses, but there are no sheep, and the dogs are not spiteful. The lads here don't go out with the star , and they don't let anyone go into the choir, and once I saw in a shop window fishing-hooks for sale, fitted ready with the line and for all sorts of fish, awfully good ones, there was even one hook that would hold a forty-pound sheat-fish. And I have seen shops where there are guns of all sorts, after the pattern of the master's guns at home, so that I shouldn't wonder if they are a hundred roubles each. . . . And in the butchers' shops there are grouse and woodcocks and fish and hares, but the shopmen don't say where they shoot them.

"Dear grandfather, when they have the Christmas tree at the big house, get me a gilt walnut , and put it away in the green trunk. Ask the young lady Olga Ignatyevna, say it's for Vanka."

Vanka gave a tremulous sigh, and again stared at the window. He remembered how his grandfather always went into the forest to get the Christmas tree for his master's family, and took his grandson with him. It was a merry time! Grandfather made a noise in his throat, the forest crackled with the frost, and looking at them Vanka chortled too. Before chopping down the Christmas tree, grandfather would smoke a pipe, slowly take a pinch of snuff, and laugh at frozen Vanka. . . . The young fir trees, covered with hoar frost, stood motionless, waiting to see which of them was to die. Wherever one looked, a hare flew like an arrow over the snowdrifts. . . . Grandfather could not refrain from shouting: "Hold him, hold him . . . hold him! Ah, the bob-tailed devil!"

When he had cut down the Christmas tree, grandfather used to drag it to the big house, and there set to work to decorate it. . . . The young lady, who was Vanka's favourite, Olga Ignatyevna, was the busiest of all. When Vanka's mother Pelageya was alive, and a servant in the big house, Olga Ignatyevna used to give him goodies, and having nothing better to do, taught him to read and write, to count up to a hundred, and even to dance a quadrille. When Pelageya died, Vanka had been transferred to the servants' kitchen to be with his grandfather, and from the kitchen to the shoemaker's in Moscow.

"Do come, dear grandfather," Vanka went on with his letter. "For Christ's sake, I beg you, take me away. Have pity on an unhappy orphan like me; here everyone knocks me about, and I am fearfully hungry; I can't tell you what misery it is, I am always crying. And the other day the master hit me on the head with a last, so that I fell down. My life is wretched, worse than any dog's. . . . I send greetings to Alyona, one-eyed Yegorka, and the coachman, and don't give my concertina to anyone. I remain, your grandson, Ivan Zhukov. Dear grandfather, do come."

Vanka folded the sheet of writing-paper twice, and put it into an envelope he had bought the day before for a kopeck. . . . After thinking a little, he dipped the pen and wrote the address:

To grandfather in the village.

Then he scratched his head, thought a little, and added: Konstantin Makaritch. Glad that he had not been prevented from writing, he put on his cap and, without putting on his little greatcoat, ran out into the street as he was in his shirt. . . .

The shopmen at the butcher's, whom he had questioned the day before, told him that letters were put in post-boxes, and from the boxes were carried about all over the earth in mailcarts with drunken drivers and ringing bells. Vanka ran to the nearest post-box, and thrust the precious letter in the slit. . . .

An hour later, lulled by sweet hopes, he was sound asleep. . . . He dreamed of the stove. On the stove was sitting his grandfather, swinging his bare legs, and reading the letter to the cooks. . . .

By the stove was Eel, wagging his tail.

Grateful thanks to Ms Constance Garnett and Project Gutenberg.

Saturday, June 14, 2008

How To-11: "How to Create a Convincing Character For Your Story"


How to Create a Convincing Character For Your Story


from wikiHow - The How to Manual That You Can Edit


An editor has suggested that this article be merged with: "How to SpecialCreate Believable Characters" Per the merge policy, if these topics are determined to be similar but distinct, then the articles will remain separate. Please comment on the discussion page. Notice added on 2008-02-27.
When writing a story, a convincing character is a must. Make sure you know your character before you start your story.

Steps


  1. Get a file folder for your character. You want to know everything about her/him.
  2. What does she/he look like? Look online for 'face makers' or, if you have a Sims game, make your character on that and take several screen shots. Put pictures of your character in their file.
  3. What are the essentials? What is very important in their life? If you can, make a fake birth certificate for your character. It's fun, and its a good reference for the person's birthday, time of birth, etc.
  4. Once you have the essentials down, start interviewing your character. How does she/he look at the world? If you're basing it on someone, use their answers. Or, if you're just not good at creating people from scratch, use a combination of several people you know.
  5. Make sure that all the aspects of your character have been written up and stuck into the folder.
  6. Start your story with a strong, convincing character!


Tips


  • Don't do it all in one day. It can take weeks, maybe even a month, before you well and truly know your character.
  • Make your character believable. For instance, a grandmother wouldn't say 'That's cool' or 'Sweet!'. She'd say 'That's nice'. etc. Believable characters would not always be mean, or happy or sad. Use a variety of feelings and traits.


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Article provided by wikiHow, a collaborative writing project to build the world's largest, highest quality how-to manual. Please edit this article and find author credits at the original wikiHow article on How to Create a Convincing Character For Your Story. All content on wikiHow can be shared under a Creative Commons license.

How To-10: "How to Write a Children's Story"


How to Write a Children's Story


from wikiHow - The How to Manual That You Can Edit

Writing a children's story requires a vivid imagination, enthusiastic creativity and the ability to put yourself in the mind of a child. For many writers, writing children's books successfully will require some effort to step back into the shoes of the very young and to see the world from a very fresh and curious perspective. For those who are always young-at-heart, writing children's stories can be a very satisfying craft. And if you are a child author reading this article, (and many child authors have published stories), then these characteristics will be second nature to you but you will still benefit from the steps on how to write a children's story well.

Steps


  1. Brainstorm story ideas.The story is perhaps the most important aspect of a good book. Consult some of your favorite books (children's or not) for examples, but try to be original. Choose a story that fits your interests and talents, such as action, fantasy, or mystery. Smaller children enjoy stories with a play on words or a repeated phrase like, "No, no fat cat. Scat! Scat! Scat!"
  2. Develop your characters. In order to have a good story, you need some interesting characters. Who is the main character of the story? Is there more than one? Are the characters human, animal or fantasy, or do they include elements of all three? Before you begin, it is best to make an outline of the characters and how they fit into the story.
  3. Make a story outline. Use note cards, draw it in picture form, or write a standard outline. The important thing is to have a general understanding of the beginning, middle and end of the story, and of how the characters will interact and evolve. A good story usually has some sort of conflict or obstacle that the main character has to resolve, after which everyone lives "happily ever after". Here's the breakdown:
    • Introduce your characters with descriptions of physical and personality traits, their surroundings, and those with whom they come in contact.
    • Create a problem/conflict. This could be between two people, an internal conflict, or one in which the main character overcomes an obstacle in the outside world.
    • Write the climax of the story, which will include the main character(s) coming face to face with the conflict.
    • Show how your character(s) resolves the problem, and what happens next.

  4. Add some pictures. Everyone loves pictures. They can add to the interest level of the story and make it easier to follow. You may like to include a few funny cartoons or pictures in your story. Make sure that you use bright happy colors or sad dark colors depending on the mood of a story.


Tips


  • Keep it simple. Depending on the age group you are trying to engage, you don't want to make your story too complex and difficult to follow, because younger kids will quickly lose interest.
  • Use some humour. We all have it. Focus on the 'silly' things that will have both the child and the adult reader laughing together. Use made-up words and rhyme: Dr Seuss knows, it's much easier and more fun to read aloud.
  • Whenever possible, show the character's personality through speech and actions, not bland statements like "Sally is selfish". Try to differentiate between different characters by having them react differently to the same situation, for a start.
  • Make sure your diction (level of word usage) and storyline are audience-appropriate:
    Age 3-5 years: Slightly larger storyline. More complex sentences explaining the motivation behind actions shown on the page. Adventures. Getting lost and finding your way home. Fighting. Being brave in spite of fear. Telling the truth. Thinking of others before yourself. Explaining how you feel. Learning to spell. Learning to add. Telling parents if someone hurts you or makes you feel bad. How to resolve arguments (though they still need a lot of help at this age, they can be introduced to healthy argument resolution, especially the idea of sharing and thinking how others feel). Disappointment.
    Age 5-7 years: overcoming challenges. Learning new skills. Understanding good reasons to do something and bad reasons to do something. Magic. Confusion. Books long enough to read over two or three nights. Use bigger words but be careful to explain them, so as not to frustrate new readers.


Warnings


  • Avoid using slang words or inappropriate language/situations for younger readers. The writing should be of the best quality, to encourage young readers to love their language and to want to read more.
  • Try not to give the characters long names, or name them similar or even starting with the same letter. This may confuse the child and make the story harder to follow.


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Article provided by wikiHow, a collaborative writing project to build the world's largest, highest quality how-to manual. Please edit this article and find author credits at the original wikiHow article on How to Write a Children's Story. All content on wikiHow can be shared under a Creative Commons license.

How To-9: "How to Add Emotion to a Story"


How to Add Emotion to a Story


from wikiHow - The How to Manual That You Can Edit

Ever write a story, but find it's still missing something? Like you write a sad story, but still no one cries. You write a comedy, but still no one laughs. Or, you just write a story, but no one really can see what you're trying to describe. If so, this article is for you!

Steps


  1. Understand Keywords or Key Phrases. Key Phrases are phrases in a story that triggers the waterworks. They are sentences that make people cry. Such as, a pet dies. You could write, "Goodbye, Old friend." A Key Phrase could also be an action. Such as, there are two pets. One pet dies. The other pet tries to sleep with the other one by cuddling up to the dead body.
  2. Add a lot of relationship between the one who dies and another character, whether that is a human or an animal.
  3. Add comedy to the story. You can find several joke books at book stores or at your local library.
  4. Do some research about your audience. Find out what makes those particular people laugh. A guy who slips on a banana. Kids may not get adult jokes, and adults may think kid jokes are crude. Either way, research whatever makes the person the books intended for (children, teens, or adults) laugh.
  5. Add a couple of twists to the plot. Make something seem like it's going to turn out bad, but doesn't. For example, someone's grandmother is in the hospital, and the doctors think her life is over. Then, by some miracle, or just by luck, the grandmother turns out OK. That, or she recovers. Be creative, and never give up hope.
  6. Paint a picture with your words. Visualize the scene you are describing. Be there. Taste, feel, and sense everything around you. Now open your eyes. Try to describe that picture. Make sure to sprinkle your sentences with plenty of word tools, (examples: Metaphors, Similes, Personification, Alliteration, hyperbole, and onomatopoeia). Instead of saying, "The wind blew through the trees." You could say, " The biting wind howled and moaned as it rustled through the tree's icy limbs, and shook the tree straight down to the core." Make sure it's not a run on sentence either like "Sally went to the mall and shopped for shoes and then for a dress, that was a total of 13 inches in length and then she went to mcdonald's and ate a burger with fries and then met a girl named Jinny who had a dog named frisky who liked frisky dog biscuits and peed on the couch and then went home." Draw a word picture. The text of a book is a portal to an imaginative world.


Warnings


  • If you just try to use cliches or things you've read to make people feel emotions, your story may fall flat. It's hard to make other people feel something if you don't feel it yourself. Think about times when you've felt happy or sad in real life, not just when reading other books. The more you put yourself into your story, the more real emotion it will have.


Things You'll Need


  • pencil/sharpener
  • paper


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Article provided by wikiHow, a collaborative writing project to build the world's largest, highest quality how-to manual. Please edit this article and find author credits at the original wikiHow article on How to Add Emotion to a Story. All content on wikiHow can be shared under a Creative Commons license.

How To-8: "How to Write a Dark or Sad Story"


from wikiHow - The How to Manual That You Can Edit

Are you writing like Dr. Seuss? Or are you just not writing well, or dark enough? Well, here's how to do it.

Steps


  1. Get an outline. Come up with images in your head and make words to go along with that image.
  2. Wait for a day where it's Heavy rain. And just walk around. So that you get some sort of serious or dramatic feeling or inspiration.
  3. Read some dark literature.
  4. Get a feel going. Play a very sad or depressing song.
  5. Write in a place where you're all by yourself.
  6. Try to get the feel of what you're writing about. If you're main character is a patient with terminal cancer, then go visit someone who has terminal cancer. If you can't find one, go online and look up some journals.
  7. Dim the lights when you write. You don't want any light to blind your sight into the words of your mind.
  8. Write as if you're taking all the sadness, desires, hate, frustration, and hurt in you and turning them into words. This can be immensely cathartic.
  9. Use good punctuation. Full stops at the end of sentences, and if you're not sure about the commas, then have someone with the eye of an eagle and the heart of a grammar nazi look it over for you. Don't overuse ellipses.


Tips


  • Don't get distracted.
  • Be sure that your work makes sense... read it a hundred times over if you must.
  • Give your readers an idea of what you're writing.
  • You don't have to be a serious person to be a serious writer.
  • And you don't have to write on paper. With a typewriter or with a computer is just fine.


Warnings


  • Don't copy other people's work.
  • Don't mock your own work.
  • Don't get too detailed!


Things You'll Need


  • Story.
  • Outline.
  • Emotions.
  • Dictionary.
  • Thesaurus.
  • And yourself...


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Article provided by wikiHow, a collaborative writing project to build the world's largest, highest quality how-to manual. Please edit this article and find author credits at the original wikiHow article on How to Write a Dark or Sad Story. All content on wikiHow can be shared under a Creative Commons license.

Saturday, May 31, 2008

Einstein on Fairy Tales

If you want your children to be intelligent, read them fairy tales. If you want them to be more intelligent, read them more fairy tales – Albert Einstein

Friday, May 30, 2008

How To-7: "How to Write a Fantasy Story"


from wikiHow - The How to Manual That You Can Edit

Do you want to write a really good fantasy tale? Here are some tips to help you.

Steps

  1. Decide what you want to write. A short children's story? A novella? A full blown fantasy epic? If it's your first writing project, start small, and don't overwhelm yourself.
  2. Develop a plan of characters and plot for your story. Make your characters complicated, make them real and let them have a personality and a life. Think of fantasy stories you have already read and what you liked about these. Even better - go to the source. Authors such as Tolkein and Rowling borrow heavily from traditional myths and legends, and doing the same is the best way to avoid ripping off the best sellers.
  3. Move from reality into fantasy. Will your characters start off in the real world and discover the magical elements hidden beneath the surface? (Harry Potter) Will they be transported into a world where all the rules are different? (Chronicles of Narnia) Or will they start off in a world entirely different from our own, and go on noble quests to slay dragons and defeat evil? (Lord of the Rings)
  4. Create the world. Add things such as talking animals, dragons or even dinosaurs, along with magic. You can make up your own magical species, or use ones borrowed from folklore, or even not have any at all. The same goes for magic. Try to avoid cliches as much as possible - twist and subvert them.
  5. Write. Just write. Don't just write the story, but write histories of your characters, unrelated shorts, and anything else you can think of to flesh out your characters and your world. If you have the plot and an outline in mind, then write out the rough draft first - and only when you're done should you go back and edit.
  6. When you're finished and ready to start editing, create a checklist to work from:
    • Is your plot feasible, at least according to the rules you've set up? Do you explain things enough to create willing suspension of disbelief?
    • Is your world and the rules it's based upon consistent?
    • Are your fantasy characters identifiable, well-described and interesting?
    • Is your theme subtle but well-developed? Don't preach, and don't moralize. People with messages use the post.
    • Is your style and diction consistent and appealing to your target audience?

  7. Finally, let others read your work. It can be just a few close friends at first, but once you start getting good criticism and you start building confidence, you might want to consider trying to publish
  8. Its good to look for other books for inspiration.

Tips

  • Be creative with your settings. Underground dungeons and medieval castles aren't the only places you can find dragons.
  • Avoid info dumping. If you make your character complicated, don't begin the book with seven pages of introduction to them. Same with the world. Spread information throughout the story: this heightens suspense and makes your book a joy to read.
  • Making a character is like making an imaginary friend: make sure that it is believable that the person is real. Become the person and write down what you think they might say and do.
  • Think of verbal and gesture tags for your main character(s) - nail-biting, hair-twirling, calling everyone "love", and catchphrases can all really help with characterization. Moderation, however, is still key.
  • Think of fitting names for your characters. For exotic species, use exotic sounding names, and vice versa.
  • If you're having a hard time coming up with an idea, borrow from the classics. That is, after all, where Shakespeare got all his ideas. But don't just rip-off someone else's writing. Add twists, turns, subversions, deconstructions, and your own unique spin.
  • Don't use an excessive amount of magic. Even if your world is very magic rich, using magic to get out of every scrape becomes very boring after a while.
  • If you want, you can take a book or fairy tale everyone knows and change it into a new, one-of-a-kind creation.

Warnings

  • Plan the story before you start writing it. Give it a:
    • Exposition
    • Inciting Incident/Conflict
    • Rising Action
    • Climax (This is especially important)
    • Falling Action
    • Denouement
  • But not necessarily in that order!

Related wikiHows

Article provided by wikiHow, a collaborative writing project to build the world's largest, highest quality how-to manual. Please edit this article and find author credits at the original wikiHow article on How to Write a Fantasy Story. All content on wikiHow can be shared under a Creative Commons license.